Independent
Research (in Political Science, Political Economy)
Unit:
RESEARCH
PROJECT
Field
and Title of Research:
GLOBALISATION
& THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICS OF CONTEMPORARY MIGRATION &
REFUGEES: post-Cold War’s Challenges
By: Khinh Sony Lee Ngo
Supervise: Dr. Richard Saull
Faculty
of Continuing Education, Birkbeck-University
of London, UK,Session
2002-03-04,
Abstract
Global
migration is inextricably connected to a wide range of issues and
dilemmas that confront governments and peoples across the globe today.
As it was recently the so called ‘fortress’ Europe has shown, European Union (EU) justice and interior ministers
have agreed to fortify borders in order to reduce immigration despite
fears from some states that the agenda is being influenced by the far
right. The measures, however, include a broad agreement on the need for
increased surveillance of sea borders and economic incentives for third
countries, which co-operate to stem the flow of what the EU called them
illegal migrants (Willey D., BBC, Thursday,
13th June, 2002). If we to take a tour by taking the global train and
travelling back on the global clock, we shall then see in our global
history record has shownin the
last few years or so, the global migration images such as in Britain,
mixed-race couples have been sent letter bombs by racist gangs. In
Germany, neo Nazis periodically attack Turkish workers and other
immigrants. The European Union has declared 1997 the “European Year
against Racism” but as the same time, as many critics say that the EU
governments are actually encouraging racism by introducing stricter
immigration laws and making life more difficult for foreigners (BBC
English, ‘No Safe Place’, April 1997), thus this factor was
also the blamed to have had a profound effect on the rise of the
far-right as well as its signaled a surging of nationalism sentiments
through out the EU. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Nato)
recently bombing campaigns said that in order to resolving ‘ethnic
cleansing’ in former Yugoslavia; The Multi National Companies (MNCs)
and Transnational Corporations (TNCs) expanding their offices and
productions in Third World countries; famine; poverty and starvation;
environment degradation such as drought in sub-Saharan Africa or the
flooding disaster in Mozambique;civil war and internal violence in Sierra Leone; 58 of global innocent
citizens found suffocated in a truck in the English harbour of Dover;
and the latest new: Hunger
has tightened its grip in Zimbabwe, as thousands abandon their homes in
search of food (Bara E., BBC Thursday, 2 May, 2002), etc., are all recent examples of problem that
linked to migration in one way or another. Migration, however, as many
would have argued, is as old as humanity itself, and has played a
fundamental role in shaping the world throughout history. But while it
has been a constant of human history, the causes, characteristics,
patterns and directions of migration have never remained constant, -
they have always influenced by changing economic, social and political
conditions within and between states. This research project asserted endeavourer
to illustrate the major development in global migration, as
well as raised the term ‘refugees’ and to examine their
implications. In addition, I intend to an analysis the international
refugee regime, namely the role of the UNHCR in the globalizing world. I
also intend to discuss the ever-greater loss of the refugee status
associated the ever fortress policies of the European Union. This then
will bring about a comparative immigration policy studies between
Denmark and Sweden with attempt an analysis in the concept of
nationalism. Definition of the subject and a brief view on Europe’s
nationalism in the 21st century will be explore in
particularly to examine the rise of power of the far-right into politics
of Denmark. Finally, to forecasting the fundamental concern of migration
phenomena in the new era of the contemporary world and given
recommendation.
London, October 2002,
Reference
BBC
English, No Safe Place, April 1997, p. 3.
Willey
David, ‘EU ministers agree to fortify borders’, BBC,
Thursday,
13th June 2002).
Bara
Energy, ‘Zimbabwe's famished fields’, BBC, Thursday, 2nd
May 2002.
Selected Bibliography:
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B., (1983) Imagined Communities, 1983.
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J. (1993), Nationalism and the
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H. (1997), The Anarchical Society:
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Castles,
S. & Miller, M. J., (1993) The Age of Migration, Published by
London, Macmillan Press Ltd, 1st Edition.
Castles
S. & Miller M. J., (1998) The Age of Migration, Published by
Macmillan Press Ltd, 2nd edition.
Christian
and Rikke Egelund, Splid i regeringen om udlændinge, DK,Politiken
15th Jan 2002.
Gellner
(1983), Nations and Nationalism, Oxford,
Blackwell.
Goodwin,
G., (1983) The Refugee in International Law, Oxford, Oxford
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J. and Smith, S. (1997), The
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John
Stuart Mill (1806-1873): Utilitarianism, Liberty and Representative
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Mads
Kastrup and Olav Hergel (2002), “Tid til forandring”, DK, Berlingske 19th January 2002.
Potts,
L. (1990) The World Labour Market: A History of Migration, London, Zed
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